The Sumatran tiger (Panthera tigris sumatrae) is the smallest and darkest of the tiger subspecies, and is found only on the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is the only remaining tiger population in the Sunda Islands, as the Bali and Javan tigers are extinct. Sumatran tigers are critically endangered, with an estimated population of fewer than 400 individuals remaining in the wild.

Sumatran tigers are solitary animals, and each individual has a large home range. They are apex predators, and their diet consists mainly of large mammals such as deer, wild pigs, and tapirs. Sumatran tigers are also known to prey on smaller animals such as monkeys, birds, and fish.

Sumatran tigers are vital to the health of the ecosystems they inhabit. They play an important role in controlling populations of herbivores, which helps to maintain a balance in the ecosystem. Sumatran tigers are also a major tourist attraction, and their presence in Sumatra helps to generate revenue for local communities.

However, Sumatran tigers face a number of threats, including habitat loss, poaching, and human-tiger conflict. Habitat loss is the biggest threat to Sumatran tigers, as their forest habitat is being cleared for agriculture, plantations, and other development. Poaching is also a serious threat, as Sumatran tigers are killed for their fur, bones, and other body parts. Human-tiger conflict occurs when tigers kill livestock or attack people, often in retaliation for the loss of their habitat or prey.

Conservation efforts are underway to protect Sumatran tigers and their habitat. These efforts include establishing protected areas, developing anti-poaching patrols, and working with local communities to reduce human-tiger conflict. However, more needs to be done to ensure the survival of this magnificent species.